19TH CENTURY U.S. CANALS

Massachusetts

 

 

Middlesex Canal

 

1794 document laying out the structure of the Middlesex Canal Corporation


A Companion to American Technology
A brief history begins on page 34.

 

A Comparison of The Blackstone And Middlesex Canals
A comparison of various aspects about the canals, including competitive pressures, fnancial success, water supply availability, operational difficulties, etc.
 

A Description of the Middlesex Canal
A description of the canal, from a 1930's account .
 

A New Gazetteer of the United States of America - 1830
A brief description begins on page 449.

 

A Voice From The Past: "Upper Medford" & The Middlesex Canal
An excerpt of an article about the canal in Upper Medford. Historical maps.
 

A Watershed Moment: The Middlesex Canal 

A brief history of the canal.  Includes a map of the canal route.


An Account of Surveys and Examinations – 1824
A description of the canal and the boats utilized on it begins on page 108.

 

An Act In Addition To An Act Entitled "An Act For Incorporating James Sullivan & Others By The Name & Stile Of The Proprietors Of The Middlesex Canal." – 1794
 

An Act In Addition To The Several Acts Respecting The Proprietors Of Middlesex Canal – 1798
 

An Act In Addition To Several Acts Passed Respecting The Middlesex Canal – 1799
 

An Act In Addition To An Act Entitled "An Act In Further Addition To An Act Entitled An Act For Incorporating James Sullivan, Esq. And Others, By The Name And Style Of The Proprietors Of The Middlesex Canal." – 1808
 

An Act In Further Addition To An Act Entitled "An Act For Incorporating James Sullivan Esqr. And Others By The Name And Style Of The Proprietors Of The Middlesex Canal." – 1802
 

An Act In Further Addition To An Act, Entitled, "An Act In Further Addition To An Act, Entitled, An Act For Incorporating James Sullivan, Esq. And Others, By The Name And Style Of The Proprietors Of The Middlesex Canal." – 1812
 

An Act In Further Addition To An Act, Entitled, " An Act For Incorporating James Sullivan, Esq. And Others, By The Name And Style Of The Proprietors Of Middlesex Canal." – 1814
 

An Act To Enable The Proprietors Of The Middlesex Canal To Collect Tolls – 1834
 

An Exacting Study of The Complexities, Obstacles, Successes and Failures Encountered in the Building and Operation of the Middlesex Canal - Part I
A detailed history of the canal, continued on the next web site.
 

An Exacting Study of The Complexities, Obstacles, Successes and Failures Encountered in the Building and Operation of the Middlesex Canal - Part II
Continuation of the previous web site.
 

Annual Report, New York State Engineer and Surveyor, Volume 2 - 1906
A brief history, description and summary of toll receipts is on page 1371.

 

Before the Internet, There Was the Middlesex Canal 

An extensive history of the canal.  Includes historical illustrations, maps and current photos.


Building Victorian Boston: The Architecture of Gridley J.F. Bryant
A description of architectural granite shipped to Boston on the canal is on page 15.

 

Canals for a Nation
A brief history begins on page 11.

 

Capitalism, Politics, and Railroads in Jacksonian New England
A description of the role of the canal in transporting lumber to the coast is on page 78.

 

Chelmsford
A current photo of a former toll house is on page 18.

 

Collections, Volume 1, Manchester Historic Association – 1897
The role of the canal in beginning the commercial development of southern New Hampshire begins on page 35.

 

Comparison of the Blackstone and Middlesex Canals
Link to the .pdf file of the article.

 

Contributions of the Lowell Historical Society, Volume 1 – 1913
Boyhood memories of the canal by a city resident begins on page 225.

 

Course of canal to Charlestown Millpond
A circa 1802 map of the final southern 2.25 miles of the canal.

 

Crossing The Concord River: The Middlesex Canal's Floating Towpath
An article about the towpath. Map, historical painting and current photo.
 

Darby's Edition of Brooke's Universal Gazetteer - 1828
A description is on page 588.

 

Death of an Empire: The Rise and Murderous Fall of Salem, America's Richest City
An example of the quantity ot textiles shipped from Lowell to Boston via the canal is on page 95.

 

Digital Commonwealth
Includes historical photos and documents relating to the canal.

 

Digital Library of America
Includes links to historical documents and maps.

 

Early Canal Transportation: The Boats of the Middlesex Canal – 1991 

A small pamphlet supporting an exhibition on the subject.


Edward Everett Hale on the Middlesex Canal
A brief excerpt from the author's 1893 book, about his experiences on the canal.
 

Encyclopædia Americana - 1835
A brief description of the canal is on page 17.

 

Facts Everyone Should Know About The Middlesex Canal
Fourteen key facts about the canal.
 

For 300 Years, Two Neighbors Have Been Taken For Granite
An article about stone quarries in Chelmsford and Westford, which used the canal to transport building stones around the country.
 

Historic House of the Month Middlesex Canal Houses 

Includes a brief history and description of the canal and a description of some of the building adjacent to the canal i Charleston in 1844.


Historic Leaves – 1903
A historical sketch of the canal begins on page 49.

 

Historic New England Infrastructure: Middlesex Canal

Includes a brief history and description of the canal and current photos.


Historical Sketch of the Middlesex  Canal - 1843
An 1843 report on the canal, including a brief history, a forecast of its future, and a proposal to help continue its usefullness.
 

Historical Sketch of The Old Middlesex Canal - Part I
A brief history and description of the canal from 1902, including descriptions of the canals on the Merrimack that extended travel as far as Concord, New Hampshire. Continued on the next web site.
 

Historical Sketch of The Old Middlesex Canal - Part II
Continuation of the previous web site.
 

History: Wilmington has many remnants of the Middlesex Canal 


History of Chelmsford, Massachusetts - 1917
A brief history and description is on page 454; a description of a tavern serving the canal is on page 483; a history of the canal begins on page 501.

 

History of Lowell and Its People, Volume 1 - 1920
A brief history of the canal begins on page 113.

 

History of the Town of Medford, Middlesex County, Massachusetts - 1855
A brief history of the canal begins on page 395.

 

History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts - 1880
A description of the canal begins on page 313.

 

Illustrated History of  Lowell - 1868
A brief history of the canal.
 

Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies,Volume 4 – 1885
A brief history of the canal begins on page 60.

 

Letter from J. L. Sullivan to New York Canal Commissioners advising concerning the cost of proposed Erie Canal
Extracts from a letter to the President of the New York Board of Commissioners, regarding Middlesex Canal canal construction costs.
 

Letter from Wm. Weston to Aaron Dexter
Technical advice on canal construction, based on Mr. Weston's experience with English canals.
 

Life on the Middlesex Canal
Excerpts from a history of the canal.

 

Locks And Canals Of The Merrimack River – Part II
Includes a brief history, description and map.

 

Lowell
Historical paintings of the canal are on page 95.

 

Lowell History: Middlesex Canal Association Collection 

A brief history of the canal.   Historical paintings and map.


Made in the U.S.A: The History of American Business
A brief history of the canal begins on page 81.

 

Massachusetts at a Glance: A User's Guide to the Bay State
A brief history of the canal begins on page 164.

 

Medford Historical Register, Volumes 11-12, 1908
A description of two packet boats is on page 51.

 

Middlesex Canal
A brief history of the canal. Historical maps, current photos and links to related sites.
 

Middlesex Canal
A brief description of the canal. Current photos and a link to a related site.
 

Middlesex Canal
A brief history and description of the canal.

 

Middlesex Canal 

A brief history and description of the canal.  Current photo.


Middlesex Canal, 1793-1853 (Butters Row)
Photo of an historic marker, including a map of the canal route through Wilmington.
 

Middlesex Canal (1802)
A brief history and description of the canal.

 

Middlesex Canal -- An analysis of its accounting and management – 1980

 

Middlesex Canal Association
Newsletters, historical photos, illustrations, map, museum information, links to related web sites. Historical articles available in current and past issues of "Towpath Topics".
 

Middlesex Canal Comprehensive Survey Phase IV Survey Report
A comprehensive history of the canal, including details of historical features along the canal route, is found in Appendix C.
 

Middlesex-Canal Corporation Records
A brief history of the canal, including reference to the Merrimack River canals, comments on the importance of the canal and an index of corporation papers.
 

Middlesex Canal Facts
Features and a brief history of the canal.
 

Middlesex Canal Images
Maps, historical illustrations and current photos.

 

Middlesex Canal Legislative Acts

 

Middlesex Canal Map


Middlesex Canal Museum
Information about the museum. Current photographs.
 

Middlesex Canal Ox Bow
An article about the Ox Box section of the canal.
 

Middlesex Canal Photos
A set of photos of the canal.
 

Middlesex_Canal_Plan_and_Profile
Plans and profiles from 1829-1830 from surveys by George R. Baldwin.

 

Middlesex Canal Video
A brief history of the canal.

 

Money In 1793 (Or Not Worth a Continental)
A brief article about the role of early U.S. currency in the financing of the canal.
 

New Sewer Construction Unearths Timbers of Old Middlesex Canal
A 1964 article about the unearthing of canal artifacts.
 

Old Middlesex Canal historical marker 

Photo and text of a marker in Middlesex County.


Old Middlesex Tavern
A historical photo of the former tavern located near the canal.
 

Oldest Toll House
A historical marker for the 1832 building.

 

On Which Side Was The Towpath Built, And Why?
An article about the towpath, including a description of operations when the path changed from one side of the canal to the other.
 

Panoramic View From The Bunker Hill Monument
An 1856 illustrated panoramic view of the Charlestown Mill Pond, the southern terminus of the canal.
 

Petition to the General Court of Massachusetts
An 1822 petition to the General Court of Massachusetts by the Directors of the Middlesex Canal, asking for relief by way of a lottery.
 

Principles of Public and Private Infrastructure Delivery 
A brief history of the canal begins on page 441.

 

Proceedings of the celebration of the two hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the settlement of Medford, Massachusetts, June, nineteen hundred and five
A brief history of the canal begins on page 20.   Includes historical photos.

 

Prospective economy, in the future public works of the state of New-York - 1827
The impact of the canal on the development of New Hampshire is briefly discussed on page 25.

 

Public Documents Relating to the New York Canals
Miscellaneous particulars of information, respecting the Middlesex Canal, from an 1821 document.
 

Remarks on the Importance of Inland Navigation From Boston by the Middlesex Canal and Merrimack River in the Present and Probable Future State of Foreign Commerce - Part I
An 1813 pamphlet promoting the benefits of the canal. Continued on the next web site.
 

Remarks on the Importance of Inland Navigation From Boston by the Middlesex Canal and Merrimack River in the Present and Probable Future State of Foreign Commerce - Part II
 

Report: New Hampshire Forestry and Recreation Commission – 1893
A brief history of the canal begins on page 50.

 

Site of the Middlesex Canal (Upper Mystic Lake)
Photo of a historic marker.
 

The Adams Papers Diary of Charles Francis Adams - 1831
A description of a former aqueduct on the canal is on page xix.

 

The Bay State Monthly - 1898
A brief history of the canal begins on page 519.  Includes historical photos and a map of the canal route.

 

The Brooks Bridge
An historical photo of the former bridge.
 

The Canal That Bisected Boston
The relationship of the Middlesex Canal to the Boston Mill Pond Canal.
 

The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, Volume 14 – 1832
A report regarding the canal, including an analysis of its cost, which was forwarded to De Witt Clinton, begins on page 339.    It is followed by more detailed information about the canal and its operation.

 

The Faulkner Mills
A brief article about the mills constructed on the Concord River mill pond, adjacent to the canal.
 

The Floating Towpath – How the Middlesex Canal Crossed the Concord River
An article begins on page 10 of the American Canal Society newsletter.

 

The Grand Man, Volume 16, Issues 1-3 – 1898
A list of commodities shipped on the canal during the 1804 season begins on page 55.

 

The Granite Monthly, Volume 8 – 1885
A history of the canal begins on page 44.

 

The Granite Monthly, Volume 9– 1886
A historical illustration of a shot of lumber being run through a lock typical of those found on the canal is on page 10.

 

The History of Woburn, Middlesex County, Mass. - 1868
A brief history of the canal begins on page 408.

 

The Memorial History of Boston, Vol. 4 - 1881
A brief history of the canal, including proposals being considered for additional Massachusetts canals to compete with the Erie Canal, begins on page 111.
 

The Middlesex Canal
A brief resume on the canal's history.
 

The Middlesex Canal
A brief history of the canal. Current photo.
 

The Middlesex Canal
A brief history of the canal. Includes descriptions of branch canals at Medford and to the state prison at Charleston.
 

The Middlesex Canal
A resume of the canal's history.
 

The Middlesex Canal
An 1898 article about the former canal.
 

The Middlesex Canal
A history of the Middlesex Canal and its relation to Medford, including the Branch Canal. Historical painting and map and current photo.

 

The Middlesex Canal
A brief history of the canal.

 

The Middlesex Canal

The article begins on page 23 of the Mar., 2014 issue of the Canal Society of Indiana newsletter.


The Middlesex Canal video


The Middlesex Canal, Part 1
The article begins on page 11 of the American Canal Society newsletter.

 

The Middlesex Canal, Part 2
The article concludes on page 6 of the American Canal Society newsletter.

 

The Middlesex Canal 1793-1853
Photo and text of a historical marker.
 

The Middlesex Canal — An Analysis of the Accounting and Management
A paper analyzing the development and subsequent decline of the canal, though an analysis and evaluation of financial data.

 

The Middlesex Canal, New England’s Incredible Ditch
A brief history of the canal.   Historical and current photos.

 

The Middlesex Canal: Prototype for American Canal Building

The article begins on page 11 of the American Canal Society newsletter.


The Middlesex Canal - Woburn's First Interstate, Then and Now video


The New England Magazine, Volume 2 – 1885
A history begins on page 96.

 

The Popular Encyclopedia, Volume 2 – 1841
A brief history and description is on page 10.

 

The Proprietors of Locks and Canals on the Merrimack River: What Else Did they Do?
An explanation of the responsibilies of the corporation.
 

The Roaming Middlesex Canal Tollhouse
An article about the history of the former tollhouse. Historical and current photos.
 

Then and Now: Middlesex Canal
A brief history of the canal.   Current photo and links to related sites.

 

Tollhouse at Middlesex Village
Another brief article about the tollhouse. Historical photo.
 

Towpaths to Oblivion. The Middlesex Canal and the Coming of the Railroad 1792-1853
Link to a brief history of the canal.

 

When the Road was a River
A 1999 article about the canal and efforts to restore parts of it.

 

Wilmington
Historical photos of the canal begin on page 96.

 

Winchester Archival Center
Includes links to historical maps and documents related to the canal.

 

Rev. September, 2025